Journal of Child Neurology Pathophysiology of Pediatric Movement Disorders
نویسنده
چکیده
Pediatric movement disorders constitute a relatively small cluster of symptoms that can be associated with many different underlying diseases. To provide effective treatment, it is essential to understand the relationship between etiology and clinical expression. This article reviews the recent literature on several common pediatric movement disorders, including spasticity, dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, bradykinesia, and tics, and it discusses current models of physiology that may help link the cellular pathology of specific diseases to the expression of clinical symptoms. (J Child Neurol 2003:18:S9–S24). Received Feb 17, 2003. Received revised April 22, 2003. Accepted for publication April 22, 2003. From the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA. Address correspondence to Dr Terence D. Sanger, Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Pediatric Movement Disorders Clinic, 300 Pasteur Drive, A345, Stanford, CA 94305-5235. Tel: 650-736-2154; fax: 650-725-7459; e-mail: [email protected]. at VANDERBILT UNIV on August 23, 2013 jcn.sagepub.com Downloaded from some of these motor systems; this article explores injury to individual systems in the following discussion. In this review, discussion is confined to movement disorders in the following symptomatic groups: spasticity, dystonia, bradykinesia, chorea, ataxia, tics, myoclonus, tremor, hypotonia, and psychogenic disorders. Choreoathetosis is discussed under the “dystonia” category because these two symptoms frequently coexist and may represent variants of the same disorder. The pathophysiology for some of these disorders has been extensively reviewed elsewhere; here discussion is confined to particular issues relating the pathophysiology to the clinical symptoms.
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